Types of Rum Dept: The myth (and truths) of color...

This is the main discussion section. Grab yer cups! All hands on deck!
Post Reply
User avatar
Capn Jimbo
Rum Evangelisti and Compleat Idiot
Posts: 3551
Joined: Mon Dec 11, 2006 3:53 pm
Location: Paradise: Fort Lauderdale of course...
Contact:

Types of Rum Dept: The myth (and truths) of color...

Post by Capn Jimbo »

How are an orange and an apple the same?


This is a setup for one of my favorite old jokes "How are an orange and an apple the same?" The answer: "They're both orange, except for the apple." And so it goes with the two Bogarts of rum: Politician Big Burr and the Preacher. As re color, allow me to first state the assured stump speech of Politician Burr:
Big Burr:

"White rum is clear, usually has milder flavor and lighter body than gold or dark rums. These light rums are most often used to create cocktails that do not have a need for bold rum flavor."

"As rum mellows in barrels over time, it takes on amber or golden hues. These golden rums usually present a more flavorful profile than the white or clear rums. Gold rums are used to make cocktails in which a stronger flavor is desired."

"Black rums are... the darkest, richest, heavy bodied rums ... offering bold tropical essence to libation and recipes. Black rums are popular ingredients used to balance the flavors of drinks against gold, white and spiced rums."
This is pretty much the standard swill dished out into the tin feeding bowls of all the new monkeys by all the promoters. The Preacher's pronouncements fall right in line with this propaganda, but with a few twists...
Preacher:

White Rum: "To satisfy those consumers who want a smoother taste in a clear spirit, distillers age the rum to improve the flavor and then carbon filter it to remove any trace of color it has acquired. Carbon filtering can also remove some of the congeners or impurities, yielding a drink with less hangover potential."

"Some distilleries bottle a white and gold version of their most popular rums. While both of these rums are aged, the one bottled as clear rum has been carbon filtered."

"If the rum in your glass is very dark, you can be pretty sure that caramel has been added. But if the color is not too dark and the label doesn't say how long the rum was aged, you can only guess. When you taste and smell the rum, look for the sweet caramel traces (!) that are sometimes present."
Burr is pretty clear that it's a matter of age, body and flavor. According to him the "whites" have little of either, the "golds" exhibit a bit more of each, and the "blacks" are the full, rich heavy hitters. In his own twisted way the Preacher agrees, but makes a couple of interesting admissions, namely that in many cases whites and golds are both aged, but the white is filtered (ergo less flavor). The really interesting admission?

That "blacks" or very dark rums are surely colored and - are you sitting down? - may well exhibit a caramel taste. Holy alteration Batman! Keep in mind that caramel coloring - even enough to turn a rum black - is extremely potent, extremely bitter (tasting NOTHING like caramel), and requires just a few drops per bottle.

Now with this in mind, let's consider Hamilton's own Jamaican releases of a pot-stilled "Gold" and a pot-stilled "Black". After much questioning, the annointed one revealed the following:

1. Both are new make white that were temporarily stored, er "rested" in uh, stainless steel tanks and have come nowhere near any form of wood aging, then transported in 1000 gallon "totes" for bottling.

2. Neither is aged. They are both new (white) make that are simply colored to different degrees. He admits that the colored white, er gold, is actually the more flavorful of the two for reasons that even he does not appear to understand.


Bottom Line:

In sum Hamilton's own release breaks all the rules, including his own when he makes clear that his white, gold and black Jamaicans are all the very same unaged new make altered only by DS-400 color. As always, the best way - always - to establish hypocrisy is simply to examine the earlier statements of such bloviators. How many of us when new to rum, were caused to believe there were meaningful differences between white, gold and black rums in terms of flavor from honest wood aging? I was.

How silly we all were!
Last edited by Capn Jimbo on Sun Nov 24, 2013 2:34 pm, edited 1 time in total.
User avatar
Capn Jimbo
Rum Evangelisti and Compleat Idiot
Posts: 3551
Joined: Mon Dec 11, 2006 3:53 pm
Location: Paradise: Fort Lauderdale of course...
Contact:

Post by Capn Jimbo »

So WTF is DS-400 and why is the Preacher using it?


Most of you know that caramel color has nothing to do with food caramel. Food caramel is a roasted form of sugar that can be chewy or brittle - but in any case gets richer and sweeter as it gets darker. Cooks are well aware of the tasty and sweet caramelization that occurs with the browning of food.

Caramel color could not be more different. First of all it does not have to be made from cane sugar, and most is not. Any carbohydrate can and is burnt to make "color", including sugar and starch compounds from wheat, corn, barley or milk. The raw material is literally burnt and is close to destruction when done. This color is nearly black, burnt, and extremely bitter. Fortunately, mere drops of it can easily color a liter of rum, so its bitterness is not distinguishable at such extremely low concentrations.


The four kinds of color and how they are used...

Simply:

E-150a: Plain color, for whisky and high proof spirits, contains no sulfites or amonium compounds.
E-150b: Caustic sulfite color, used in some sherries and vinegar. Contains sulfites, help prevent spoilage.
E-150c: Ammonia color, aka Baker's or Beer color, used in beer, sauces and baked goods.
E-150d: Sulfite Ammonia color, used in acidic soft drinks, et al.

E-150a or plain caramel is THE color of choice for all the spirits I know of. The Preacher's use of E-150d is highly unusual thus worth examining. First, let's understand why E-150a is the near universal choice, and recommended for whisky and high proof spirits:
Moi:

1. E-150a is free of sulfites and ammonium, as they have no use in spirits. Only sherry, wine and brandy use caustic sulphited E-150b in the presence of their high tannins and also to prevent spoilage. Sulfites are also used to preserve sherry barrels, but E-150b is almost NEVER used in high proof spirits.

2. E-150a is made with a negative charge, appropriate for coloring high proof spirits, while E-150c carries a positive charge appropriate for the coloring of low proof beer. In simple terms, high proof whisky and spirits carries a natural negative charge - if the positively charged E-150c would be used, the spirit would actually "flocculate" (create clumps) - thus E-150c is NEVER used in high proof spirits. Next up...

3. E-150a has a very long shelf life and will not break down in high proof spirits, which often are kept for years before consumption. OTOH E-150d is made specifically for relatively short lived soft drinks (think Coke), which is produced and consumed quickly. Further E-150d carries caustic sulfite and ammonium compounds designed specifically to color these highly acidic drinks. E-150d does NOT have a long shelf life, and will break down relatively quickly, first losing the higher tones (reds) and then the darker components.


E-150d's shorter shelf life is especially apparent in high proof spirits. While E-150a is good up to 75%, E-150d is most effective well below 50% ABV. Except for the Preacher, E-150d is almost NEVER used in high proof spirits.


Is the use of E-150A really that important?

Is the Preacher's boss - the Pope - Catholic? Fackin A, it's important. Unlike sherry, wine, vinegar, beer and soft drinks - high proof spirits do not require caustic sulfites or ammonium compounds. What is needed is just plain coloring by what is called "Plain (unadulterated) Caramel Color, or E-150a. Plain caramel works, works extremely well and has an extremely long shelf life in high proofs.

This is so important that the SWS (Scotch Whisky Society) recommends that distillers of Scotch use ONLY E-150a. To be fair the EU's regs specify "spirit caramel" (which includes E-150b and E-150d) so there are a precious few whiskies that are reported to use these alternatives. Still, it would not be unfair to estimate the following for those products that do use coloring:
Moi:

Whisky and high proof spirits: 99.9% E-150a
Sherry, wine, vinegar: 99.9% E-150b
Beer, baking: 99.9% E-150c
Soft and acidic drinks: 99.9% E-150d
With regard to the Preacher's new offerings, all are made available at barrel strength in a reported range of 59 - 63%. Astute readers will note that at these high proofs all of these high proof products well exceed the typical maximum of 50% ABV, above which deterioration and shorter shelf life may be a problem. So one may fairly ask...


Just WTF would a right thinking bottler goes outside standard and recommended practice and use E-150d?

It's certainly not for shelf life. It's not typically used or recommended. It's not common; in fact it's almost unheard of. So why? I believe I have the answer: marketing. In at least one post the Preacher has established his obscure marketing claim, namely that his DS-400 (made by Sethness) is made from non-GMO (genetically modified) cane sugar. Wow! A rum - made from uh, cane - is colored using a caramel color ALSO made from uh, cane sugar! Easily influenced monkeys may also get woodies from knowing that his DS-400 is also certified Kosher and Halal (per Sethness). And no doubt grown and harvested by first-born Cuban virgins!!

All may be considered rather unimpressive marketing points. Or not. The source of the carbohydrates burnt into color is absolutely meaningless insofar as the color's use and properties. No color has any meaningful residual taste except burnt and very, very bitter. Thus, this claim - if true - is hard to take beyond being merely associative and psychological sales value. And to make matters worse...


The claim may not be true!

Check out this page:
http://www.sethness.com/caramel_color_p ... lassIV.php

According to this Sethness page, the Preacher's DS-400 is NOT what he claims: not "non-GMO", nor "made from cane sugar"! This is also confirmed on another Sethness' page, quote:
Sethness Products Company manufactures a number of Caramel Colors, E150, and Caramelized Sugar Syrups that use cane sugar (sucrose or invert) as the carbohydrate reactant. These products include the Sethness Liquid products CS1, CS3, CS5, CS30, P285, SB115, SB121, SSC300, and SBDS and the Powdered Caramel Color SB702.

The new organic caramel colors OC114 (Liquid) and OC234 (Powder) are also included in this group of caramel Color derived from sugar.
Please note the exclusion of his DS-400. If anyone can confirm otherwise, please do so.


Bottom Line...


In addition to selling unaged new make white product masqueraded with atypical soft-drink color to appear aged "gold" and "black", the Preacher's claims of his coloring as being made from non-GMO cane sugar may be meaningless and/or untrue. Or it may be one of the great and memorable advancements in rum making in our lifetimes. You decide...

Such is life. And marketing...




*******
Citations:
http://whiskyscience.blogspot.com/2011/ ... -e150.html
http://www.sethness.com/PDFs/1380823186prnvsp.pdf
http://www.sethness.com/PDFs/1380912109812knd.pdf
http://www.innovadex.com/Food/Detail/17 ... s-IV-E150D
Last edited by Capn Jimbo on Mon Nov 25, 2013 12:22 am, edited 7 times in total.
User avatar
Capn Jimbo
Rum Evangelisti and Compleat Idiot
Posts: 3551
Joined: Mon Dec 11, 2006 3:53 pm
Location: Paradise: Fort Lauderdale of course...
Contact:

Post by Capn Jimbo »

Can it possibly get any worse?


You bet. Check out this post from Japanese Whisky:
"The first version, E150a or plain caramel, is the closest to the caramel that everyone knows (except that it is much more concentrated than the one in your desserts) and presents no health danger. E150b includes sulfite compounds and is also risk free, except in cases of sulfite allergy.

More controversial, E150c replaces sulfite compounds by ammonium compounds and E150d combines both sulfite and ammonium compounds. These two versions are in the middle of a controversy because their production involves creating a compound, 4-MEI, which is, since 1970, suspected of being carcinogen. By the way, E150d is the mainly used for soft drinks like sodas…a good reason to avoid the whisky / coke cocktail from my point of view!

How can I be sure that my whisky uses E150a and not E150d? The answer lies in the alcoholic stability of each E150 classes and (luckily) the class I, meaning E150a, is by far the most stable in alcohol."
(Credit: http://www.japanese-whisky.com/about-wh ... coloration )

In case you think that this is useless bullshit, please know that Coca Cola and Pepsi (who use over 90% of all E-150d, have both changed their E-150d to reduce the above carcinogens, in response to a recent California law. So is this a real concern? You decide...
User avatar
Dai
Minor God
Posts: 796
Joined: Mon Mar 04, 2013 9:33 am
Location: Swansea

Post by Dai »

Both are new make white that were temporarily stored, er "rested" in uh, stainless steel tanks and have come nowhere near any form of wood aging, then transported in 1000 gallon "totes" for bottling.
In other words it's straight off the still. I bet he's trying to charge a premium price for this?
Life is under no obligation to give us what we expect!

My Link to Save Caribbean Rum Petition
Hassouni
Minor God
Posts: 438
Joined: Sun May 05, 2013 5:58 pm

Post by Hassouni »

Dai wrote: In other words it's straight off the still. I bet he's trying to charge a premium price for this?
Not to provide a defense for the preacher, but this seems to be common practice in spirits now. Look at all the new high-end gins selling for $30-40, if not more. I find that outrageous, new make spirit should be about half that.
User avatar
Capn Jimbo
Rum Evangelisti and Compleat Idiot
Posts: 3551
Joined: Mon Dec 11, 2006 3:53 pm
Location: Paradise: Fort Lauderdale of course...
Contact:

Post by Capn Jimbo »

FWIW...


The Preacher's colored new make white is being sold as a"gold" and and as a "black" for $23 and $24 at a modest 92%. Real "gold rums" should spend at least a few years in good wood, as should black rums.

The comparison to gin is not really fair in that gin is promoted honestly and transparently (pun intended) for only and exactly what it is: a crystal clear, neutral white spirit instilled with any number of authentic herbs and spices. As far as what spirits "should" sell for, that is a matter between the marketing department and the end customer. Frankly, a good and honest gin is worth the money. But I digress...

In my view this Jamaican colored new make would have been far more credible if it had been aged and filtered, as befits a good and honest white rum. To pretend that a syringe full of color magically transforms new make white into a young aged gold, or into rich and flavorful black/dark is less than convincing.

Compare to J. Wray & Nephews OP which also uses pots stills (in part). W&N is the rum of choice for 90% of Jamaicans, and was called the best overproof in the world (earning five stars) by Dave Broom. To really rub it in, W&N is sold for just $18 at an amazing 126 proof - which represents almost double the value of the Preacher's colored offerings.

Compare too to THE real rich dark rum that no bartender is ever without: Myers's Original Dark. Myers's too uses pot stills, but unlike the Preacher's snake oil, is then actually aged for up to four years in oak. Myers's is available at about $18 for the 750 and $27 for the full liter.


Bottom Line

It's hard to find anything special about a colored new make rum that has never seen wood, and that is misguidedly promoted as a "gold" and/or as a "dark". Worse yet, the market leaders simply own this niche and do so at pricing that cannot be matched.

Both W&N and Myer's are old, old products and have stood the test of time. They are great products revered by millions and if they are to be challenged it will not be by new make, cane-based moonshine.
Last edited by Capn Jimbo on Tue Nov 26, 2013 5:18 am, edited 1 time in total.
sleepy
King of Koffee
Posts: 156
Joined: Tue Nov 13, 2012 7:23 pm
Location: Atlanta and points south

...and what sucks about all of this...

Post by sleepy »

I have sipped wonderful fresh white rums in the islands and "fuck-all I'll drink this until I fall" white Mescals in Oaxaca. BUT - like white wines, white spirits seem to have very short shelf lives before losing character.

Thoughts Capn'?
User avatar
Capn Jimbo
Rum Evangelisti and Compleat Idiot
Posts: 3551
Joined: Mon Dec 11, 2006 3:53 pm
Location: Paradise: Fort Lauderdale of course...
Contact:

Post by Capn Jimbo »

A good question...


...and observation. Unfortunately and insofar as white rum, Sue Sea and I really don't drink enough of it or often enough to confirm or deny your observation. But will I let absolutely no knowledge prevent me from commenting, lol? Never! Never I say! So allow me to speculate...

First, most of us should be aware that wood aging - among many effects - results in the addition of wood tannins into aged brown spirits. Both American oak and especially French or European oak have this effect. Tannins are a preservative (think of tanning leather) in addition to adding structure and other positive qualities to aged spirits. All wines, beers and spirits are subject to oxidation once opened, and as the liquid level goes down.

It is also worth noting that F. Paul Pacult was asked this question and recorded his answer in the appendix of his tour de force "Kindred Spirits". He stated "While wines and beers have virtually no shelf time once they are opened, uncorked spirits can last for many weeks, even months. Here's my recommended timeframe for uncorked spirits:"
"White rums, vodkas, gins, 100% agave blanco and reposado tequila, marc, grappa, eau-de-vie: two to three months.

All varieties of liquers: three to four months (refrigerate cream liqueurs).

All whiskies, oak-aged rums and 100% agave anejo and extra anejo tequilas, wood matured brandies: three to four months"
Apparently Paul follows The Project...
Hassouni
Minor God
Posts: 438
Joined: Sun May 05, 2013 5:58 pm

Post by Hassouni »

Seriously? What happens after that period? I don't for a minute believe that mere mortals can tell the difference between a whisky/rum that's been open 1 month vs 1 year, assuming there isn't that much drunk from it and thus not much air in the bottle.


*******
Capn's Log: Although I tend to agree with you Hass, F. Paul is perhaps one of the most talented tasters I know of so it's hard to disregard him. Obviously he does notice a difference. How you and I feel may be more an indication of our own, less experienced palates.
Post Reply